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Vasily Mikhailovich Golovnin (''Василий Михайлович Головнин'' in Russian) , Gulyniki, Ryazan Oblast, Russia , Saint Petersburg, Russia, was a Russian navigator, Vice Admiral, and Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1818).〔Lévesque, Rodrigue (2001). ''History of Micronesia: Russian expeditions, 1808-1827'' p.495 Quebec: Levesque〕〔Vasilli Golovnin, Ella Lury Wiswell, trans. (1979). ''Around the world on the Kamchatka, 1817-1819'', p xx-xxii, xxvi Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Soc.〕〔Dunmore, John (1991). ''Who's who in Pacific navigation,'' p. 118 Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press〕 ==Early life and career== Vasily Mikhailovich Golovnin was born in April 1776, in the village of Gulyniki in Ryazan Oblast, on his father's country estate.〔Kenneth N. Owens, Timofeĭ Tarakanov, Ben Hobucket (2001). ''The Wreck of Sv. Nikolai,'' pp. 5, 11-14, 92 Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press〕〔Vasilii Golovnin, Lisa Millner, trans. (1964). ''Detained in Simon's Bay, p 3. Cape Town : Friends of the South African Library〕 Both his father and grandfather had served in the Russian military as officers in the elite Preobrazhensky Lifeguard regiment.〔 Golovnin appeared set to continue the family tradition, but his father died while he was still a child, and at the age of twelve he was enrolled in the Russian Naval College as a cadet.〔〔 He graduated four years later in 1792.〔 Golovnin entered active service as a midshipman in May and June 1790, participating in (several naval battles ) against the Swedes.〔V N Berkh, V M Golovnin, Alaska Historical Society, Sitka Historical Society, Alaska Historical Commission. (1979). ''The Wreck of the Neva,'' p. 60, Anchorage: Alaska Historical Society〕 He served in several foreign campaigns between 1793 and 1798. From 1798 to 1800 he served as adjutant and interpreter to Vice Admiral M. K. Makarov, commander of a Russian squadron operating jointly with the British fleet in the North Sea.〔Kodansha. (1983). ''Kodansha encyclopedia of Japan, Volume 3'', p. 43-44, New York & Tokyo: Kodansha〕 On the orders of Tsar Alexander I, Golovnin was sent, along with several other Russian officers, to obtain further training aboard British ships.〔〔〔Robin Fisher, Hugh J. M. Johnston (1979). ''Captain James Cook and His Times'', p. 124. Vancouver, BC: Douglas & McIntyre〕 He served three years (1802–1805) with the British fleet under Admirals Nelson, Collingwood, and Cornwallis.〔〔〔 During this period, war was once again declared between the British and French, and Golovnin saw action while serving under Admiral Nelson.〔Cynthia H. Whittaker, E. Kasinec, Robert H. Davis (2003). ''Russia Engages the World, 1453-1825,'' p. 113 Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press〕 He returned to Russia in 1806, and began compiling a code of naval signals on the English pattern, which remained in use by the Russian fleet for more than twenty years.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vasily Golovnin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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